Hormonal imbalance or blood clotting disorders

Hormonal imbalance

A balanced hormone level is crucial for fertility in both women and men. Hormones control the menstrual cycle, egg maturation, ovulation, and preparation of the uterine lining. Imbalances can make natural conception significantly more difficult.

The most important hormones in women include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which regulate the maturation process of the eggs. Progesterone is necessary to prepare the uterine lining for implantation after ovulation. Excessively high prolactin levels can suppress ovulation, while thyroid hormone disorders (TSH, T3, T4) can cause cycle irregularities.

Another important marker is anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which provides information about ovarian reserve and shows how many eggs are still available. Low AMH levels can indicate reduced fertility, while elevated levels are often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Hormonal imbalances can be reliably detected through blood tests. Treatment depends on the cause: it ranges from medication to regulate the cycle to hormone therapy and supportive reproductive medicine procedures. In many cases, this can significantly increase the chances of a successful pregnancy.
 

Blood clotting disorders

Approximately four per cent of all European women suffer from a congenital genetic blood clotting disorder (APC Resistance or Factor V Leiden). These women are more prone to thrombosis because the anticoagulant effect of Activated Protein C, or APC for short, is weakened. The onset of pregnancy is more difficult in these patients, they face repeated implantation failures or miscarriages.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is diagnosed in five per cent of the population, with high levels of Cardiolipin-Ab, β2-glycoprotein, lupus anticoagulant and ANA antinuclear antibodies in the blood. Pregnancy complications – such as repeated miscarriages – are disproportionately common in patients with APS. If antiphospholipid antibodies are detected, aspirin lowers the rate of miscarriage.

Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women have an approximately five times higher risk of venous thromboembolism, more pelvic vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and a post-thrombotic syndrome. It is also known that the thromboses very often occur on the left due to anatomical conditions.