Nicotine

Nicotine is one of the most significant risk factors for infertility. Smoking has a negative effect on both female and male fertility and can significantly reduce the chances of pregnancy.

In women, nicotine affects hormone balance and can lead to menstrual disorders. It also impairs the maturation of eggs and increases the risk of ectopic pregnancies. Blood flow to the uterine lining is also impaired, which can make it more difficult for a fertilized egg to implant. Studies show that female smokers take longer to get pregnant and that the success rate of artificial insemination is significantly lower.

Nicotine has also been shown to have a negative effect on men. It reduces sperm count, impairs sperm motility, and increases the number of genetic defects in the genome. This not only reduces the likelihood of successful fertilization, but also increases the risk of miscarriage.

The good news is that quitting smoking can improve fertility. Positive changes are often seen after just a few months. Quitting smoking is therefore an important step for couples who want to have children—and at the same time an investment in their own health and the future of their child.